Abstract: This article is based on the local modeling method of rail reverse motion to solve the sliding electrical contact problem. The penalty function application method of the rail entry end face ...

⚠️ Development of TopoToolbox continues in version 3. This version will no longer be developed further, as our focus and resources are now dedicated to advancing version 3. We encourage all users to ...

Abstract: With the high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) integrated into modern power systems, grid voltage distortions have become major problems that have severe impacts on the ...