Fe–S clusters are among the most conserved cofactors in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Fe–S proteins participate in a wide array of cellular processes, from metabolism to gene regulation and DNA ...

Many good things in life come in pairs. Socks and mittens, for example, or classic combinations like peanut butter and jelly or milk and cookies. You probably own a pair of earbuds or headphones, and ...

Adenosine serves as an endogenous modulator of inflammatory and immune processes. Its release can be triggered from almost all cell types by ischaemia, hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative ...

Despite the limited research on the effects of altitude (or hypoxic) training interventions on team-sport performance, players from all around the world engaged in these sports are now using altitude ...

Cells respond to stress by activating a variety of defense signaling pathways, including cell survival and cell death pathways. Although cell survival signaling helps the cell to recover from acute ...

Most relevant to the focus of this Review is the spatial nanoconfinement achieved by harboring enzymes and metabolites inside enclosures─membrane-divided vesicles such as mitochondria, lysosomes, ...