You don’t need a doctoral degree in finance to calculate your portfolio’s investment returns. A few principles are enough to turn even the most math-phobic people into shrewd investors. While basic ...

Every thriving business relies on a robust return on investment (ROI) to help gauge whether its investments are yielding a profit. Although you as an individual investor possess shallower pockets than ...

Excess return refers to the return on an investment that surpasses the return of a benchmark or a risk-free rate. It measures the performance of an investment in relation to its expected or required ...

Michael Boyle is an experienced financial professional with more than 10 years working with financial planning, derivatives, equities, fixed income, project management, and analytics. Ariel Courage is ...

Performance measures must align with portfolio use and features. Avoid Sharpe and similar ratios due to flaws; consider alternatives like trimmed alpha, median returns, and value at risk. CAGR is ...